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Subject Centred Curriculum

Subject Centered Curriculum Subject centered curriculum is the oldest and the most widely accepted form of curriculum organization. The earliest example of this sort of organization is the seven liberal arts in the schools of ancient Greece and Rome and in the monastery and Cathedrals of the middle ages in the Medieval Era. The seven liberal arts consisted of two divisions: Trivium: Its lower division consisting of: i. Grammar ii. Rhetoric iii. Dialectic (logic) Quadrivium consists of Arithmetic, Geometry, Astronomy and Music. These subjects were broad. The seven liberal arts do not conform precisely to modern subjects having the same titles: In the modern period the Trivium was further divided to include literature and history and the quadrivium to include algebra, trigonometry, geography, botany, zoology, physics and chemistry. In this manner subjects went on being added one after the other so much so that in 1930 there were over 300 distinct subjects of instruction. Despite...
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Student Centred Curriculum

Learner Centered curriculum the center of interest is the learner. The students are given more importance in this type of curriculum design. Most of the education experts and educational psychologists are in favor of this learner centered curriculum. First of all Rousseau emphasized that education should be according to the interests of the child. He should be provided a free and democratic environment. The interest of the child should be a base for the curriculum design. Learner centered design emphasizes individual development and their approach to organizing the curriculum merges from the needs, interests and purposes of students. Dewey's contribution in this respect is an important one. He organized so many child centered activity programmes. These programmes were based on the scientific study of child's mental, physical, social and spiritual characteristics and needs. Principles of Students Centered Curriculum The following are the principles of learner centered curriculu...
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Inclusive Education

Inclusive education means that all students attend and are welcomed by their neighbourhood schools in age-appropriate, regular classes and are supported to learn, contribute and participate in all aspects of the life of the school. Inclusive education is about how we develop and design our schools, classrooms, programs and activities so that all students learn and participate together. Inclusive education is about ensuring access to quality education for all students by effectively meeting their diverse needs in a way that is responsive, accepting, respectful and supportive. Students participate in the education program in a common learning environment with support to diminish and remove barriers and obstacles that may lead to exclusion. Inclusive education is carried out in a common learning environment; that is, an educational setting where students from different backgrounds and with different abilities learn together in an inclusive environment. Common learning environments are ...
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Models of disability

Different accounts of disability, each of which gives rise to different approaches to accessibility: Individualistic Individualistic models of disability are built on the assumption that the problems and difficulties that disabled people experience are a direct result of their individual physical, sensory or intellectual impairments. One key example of this kind of model is the medical model, which views disability in terms of disease processes, abnormality and personal tragedy. With the medical model, disability need arises directly from impairment and the major task of the professional is to adjust the individual to the particular disabling condition. 'Charity' Ten to 15 years ago, this model was accused of portraying disabled people as helpless, sad and in need of care and protection. Such portrayals were argued to be perpetuating damaging stereotypes and misconceptions. More recently, charities have been using more positive images to portray (and thus define) disabil...
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Parts of speech

Parts of Speech English Grammar The parts of speech explain how a word is used in a sentence. There are eight main parts of speech (also known as word classes): nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions and interjections. Most parts of speech can be divided into sub-classes. Prepositions can be divided into prepositions of time, prepositions of place etc. Nouns can be divided into proper nouns, common nouns, concrete nouns etc. It is important to know that a word can sometimes be in more than one part of speech. For example with the word increase. Increase can be a verb e.g. Prices increased and increase can also be a noun e.g. There was an increase in the number of followers.  The eight main parts of speech in English are: NOUN - (Naming word) A noun is the name of a person, place, thing or idea. Examples of nouns: Daniel, London, table, dog, teacher, pen, city, happiness, hope Example sentences: Steve lives in Sydney. Mary uses pen and paper to w...
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Democratic Education

Freedom for All What comes to mind when you think of democracy? For many people, the word democracy elicits thoughts of freedom and autonomy from government or at least full choice in governmental decisions. The concepts of choice and control are at the heart of democratic education. Choice, the ability to have autonomy in the direction of one's own educational path, and control, the ability to decide how to approach major educational needs, are the two main principles of democratic education. Students are given choice and control over their own educational careers. Logistics of Democratic Education It is easy to say that students should have choice in their educational paths and control over their own educational goals, but what does that mean in the actual classroom? In the most democratic classrooms, teachers should creatively engage students in activities that are of the students' choosing. For some students, this may mean quiet worksheets, but for many, this is most lik...
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Degrees of comparison

Degrees of Comparison Degrees of Comparison are used when we compare one person or one thing with another. There are three Degrees of Comparison in English. They are: 1. Positive degree. 2. Comparative degree. 3. Superlative degree. Let us see all of them one by one. 1.Positive degree. When we speak about only one person or thing, We use the Positive degree. Examples: • This house is big. In this sentence only one noun “The house" is talked about. • He is a tall student. • This flower is beautiful. • He is an intelligent boy. Each sentence mentioned above talks about only one noun. The second one in the Degrees of Comparison is... 2.Comparative degree. When we compare two persons or two things with each other, We use both the Positive degree and Comparative degree. Examples: a. This house is bigger than that one. (Comparative degree) This house is not as big as that one. (Positive degree) The term “bigger" is comparative version o...
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